Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) was one of the most successful businessmen and most recognized philanthropists in history. His entrepreneurial ventures in America's steel industry earned him millions and he, in turn, made great contributions to social causes such as public libraries, education and international peace.Andrew Carnegie established the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland in 1901 with $10 million. In 1913 Andrew Carnegie gave $10 million to the grant foundation the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust in 1913. Andrew Carnegie established a pension fund in 1901 for his Homestead employees. It is shown that Carnegie excelled as an economic actor. His alertness to expected profit opportunities, and success in coping with the uncertainties of the marketplace, made him a major influence on the growth of many of the most important industries of late-nineteenth century United States and world economies.